Topics index — structured technical descriptions

This page groups sanemlist content by technical topic. The organization is designed to support study and reference: each topic outlines scope, typical variables and boundary conditions, relevant documents or datasheet parameters to consult, and a concise set of observation points for field verification. The tone is neutral and expository; sanemlist does not provide prescriptive certified procedures. Each topic below includes a focused narrative and pointers to diagrams or sample specifications where relevant.

Array configuration and mechanical design

Array configuration addresses module layout, stringing strategy, and mechanical attachment. A configuration analysis typically begins with site geometry and insolation mapping, followed by mechanical considerations such as roof substructure, allowable point loads, and global wind and snow loads. Module selection factors include form factor, mounting hole pattern, and frame stiffness. Racking and attachment strategies differ for pitched roofs, flat roofs with ballasted canopies, and integrated facade installations: each approach has distinct requirements for load paths into the building structure and for separation from weatherproofing membranes. Mechanical design documentation should include anchor type and spacing calculations, interface details, and provisions for thermal expansion. Detailing the expected service life of fasteners and corrosion protection is important for long-term observation. Typical deliverables include plan and elevation drawings, a bill of materials, and mechanical calculations referenced to applicable standards.

Electrical selection and interconnection

Electrical selection covers module stringing, conductor sizing, inverter type, protective devices, and the means of connecting to local distribution. Design choices start from nominal module voltage and current, then proceed to string length limits based on maximum system voltage at coldest expected temperature. Conductor sizing is determined by ampacity, voltage drop target, and insulation temperature rating. Inverter selection requires attention to input voltage window, maximum allowable DC current, and the inverter's anti-islanding and protection functions. Overcurrent protection, disconnecting means, and surge protection devices must be located per local wiring rules. The point of common coupling (PCC) and metering arrangement defines how exported energy is measured or where limits are applied. A clear single-line diagram that shows PV source circuits, inverter AC outputs, protective devices, and the connection to building distribution is an essential deliverable for safe commissioning. Labeling, torque specifications, and commissioning checks are documented to enable consistent field verification.

Monitoring, data, and observation points

Monitoring design specifies what is measured, where sensors are placed, and how data are recorded and stored. Typical observation points include per-string DC current or per-inverter DC input, inverter AC output power and power factor, ambient conditions (irradiance and temperature), and site metering at the distribution board. The monitoring architecture ranges from local-only readouts to networked telemetry with timestamped logs. Sampling rates and data retention affect the ability to diagnose intermittent faults; a higher sampling rate is useful for capturing transient behaviour but increases storage and processing needs. Monitoring documentation should annotate assumed reference conditions for performance calculations, explain coordinate systems for irradiance sensors, and specify calibration procedures. For educational clarity, sanemlist provides example monitoring node diagrams and a minimal dataset checklist suitable for basic performance observation and anomaly detection.